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![]() ![]() Severe spasm can cause pain during swallowing( Odynophagia). Motor incoordination of the cricopharyngeus can cause difficulty swallowing. Uncoordinated contraction, and/or spasm and/or impaired relaxation of this muscle are currently considered the main factors in development of a Zenker's diverticulum. The inferior fibers are horizontal and continuous with the circular fibers of the esophagus the rest ascend, increasing in obliquity, and overlap the Constrictor medius.Īs soon as the bolus of food is received in the pharynx, the elevator muscles relax, the pharynx descends, and the constrictores contract upon the bolus, and convey it downward into the esophagus. They are located below the hyoid bone on the anterolateral surface of the thyroid gland and are involved in movements of the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage. ![]() On the thyroid cartilage it arises from the oblique line on the side of the lamina, from the surface behind this nearly as far as the posterior border and from the inferior cornu.įrom these origins the fibers spread backward and medialward to be inserted with the muscle of the opposite side into the fibrous raphé in the posterior median line of the pharynx.From the cricoid cartilage it arises in the interval between the Cricothyreoideus in front, and the articular facet for the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage behind.The 'cushion' opposes the soft palate during the act of swallowing and is part of the seal between soft palate and pharynx that. The Passavant cushion or ridge is a small prominence in the posterior pharynx, formed from a focal bulge of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles during swallowing. It is smaller than the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle. Citation, DOI, disclosures and article data. ![]() The fifth arch only exists transiently, and no human structures are derived from the fifth arch.The components arising from the cricoid and thyroid cartilages are also known as cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus respectively. It is one of three pharyngeal constrictor muscles. The cranial nerve supply to the sixth arch structures is the recurrent laryngeal branch of CN X (vagus nerve). Intrinsic ligaments: cricovocal membrane (conus elasticus) Extrinsic ligaments: cricothyroid membrane, which is thickened medially as the median cricothyroid ligament. The cranial nerve supply to the fourth arch structures is the superior laryngeal branch of CN X (vagus nerve). cricopharyngeus muscle (component of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor) Ligamentous. The muscles derived from the sixth arch include the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (except the cricothyroid). The muscles derived from the fourth arch include the pharyngeal constrictors and the cricothyroid. The fourth and sixth arches give rise to various cartilages including the thyroid, cricoid, arytenoids, corniculate and cuneiform. They are comprised of cartilage support (serving as a precursor to skeletal elements), arterial supply (from the aortic arch system) and cranial nerve supply. They are all derived from mesoderm and appear early in the third to fourth gestational week, and differentiate into terminal structures by the seventh to eighth gestational week. The pharyngeal arches (also known as branchial arches) are a fundamental aspect of vertebrate head and neck development. ![]()
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